WFrederick Madison Allen (1879–1964) was a physician who is best remembered for his carbohydrate-restricted low-calorie diet for sufferers of diabetes mellitus.
WFrancis Gano Benedict was an American chemist, physiologist, and nutritionist who developed a calorimeter and a spirometer used to determine oxygen consumption and measure metabolic rate.
WMaria Buchinger was a German proponent of therapeutic fasting. Buchinger was a personal assistant to her father, Otto Buchinger, a doctor who researched therapeutic fasting. Together with her husband, Helmut Wilhelmi, Buchinger opened fasting clinics in Überlingen, Germany and Marbella, Spain.
WWilliam Alexander Hammond was an American military physician and neurologist. During the American Civil War he was the eleventh Surgeon General of the United States Army (1862–1864) and the founder of the Army Medical Museum.
WFrederick Hoelzel was a German American physiologist and fasting researcher, best known for consuming indigestible objects. The press nicknamed Hoelzel the "Human Billygoat".
WElliott Proctor Joslin was the first doctor in the United States to specialize in diabetes and was the founder of today's Joslin Diabetes Center.
WValter D. Longo is an Italian-American biogerontologist and cell biologist known for his studies on the role of fasting and nutrient response genes on cellular protection aging and diseases and for proposing that longevity is regulated by similar genes and mechanisms in many eukaryotes. He is currently a professor at the USC Davis School of Gerontology with a joint appointment in the department of Biological Sciences as well as serving as the director of the USC Longevity Institute.
WMark P. Mattson is a Professor of Neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University. He is the former Chief of the Laboratory of Neurosciences at the National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging.