
The Melanoplinae are a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. They are distributed across the Holarctic and Neotropical realms. They are one of the two largest subfamilies in the Acrididae. As of 2001 the Melanoplinae contained over 800 species in over 100 genera, with more species being described continuously. The genera of the Melanoplinae are classified in 7 tribes, including Conalcaeini, Dactylotini, Dichroplini, Jivarini, Melanoplini, Podismini, and Prumnini.

Aeoloplides is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are about nine described species in Aeoloplides.

Aeoloplides californicus, the California saltbush grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Aeoloplides chenopodii, the Colorado plateaus saltbush grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Aeoloplides turnbulli, known generally as thistle grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the Russian thistle grasshopper and saltbush grasshopper. It is found in North America.

Aidemona is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are about five described species in Aidemona.

Aidemona azteca, the Aztec spur-throat, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Central America.

Aptenopedes is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are about 13 described species in Aptenopedes.

Aptenopedes sphenarioides, the linear-winged grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Bradynotes is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There is at least one described species in Bradynotes, B. obesa, also known as the "slow mountain grasshopper" and "mountain lubber grasshopper". It is found in North America, in the western United States and northwestern Mexico.

Campylacantha is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are about five described species in Campylacantha.

Campylacantha olivacea, known generally as the fuzzy olive-green grasshopper or olive grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Dactylotum bicolor, also known as the rainbow grasshopper, painted grasshopper, or the barber pole grasshopper, is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is native to the United States, Canada and northern Mexico and exhibits aposematism. It was first described by the German entomologist Toussaint de Charpentier in 1843.

Hesperotettix is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are about 9 described species in Hesperotettix.

Hesperotettix speciosus, known generally as the showy grasshopper or handsome purple-striped grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Hesperotettix viridis, known generally as the snakeweed grasshopper or meadow purple-striped grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Melanoplini is a tribe of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are about 19 genera and more than 200 described species in Melanoplini, all in North America. Their biogeography shows that many species in the tribe have descendants from the Eocene epoch and Miocene epoch.

Melanoplus is a large genus of grasshoppers. They are the typical large grasshoppers in North America. A common name is spur-throat grasshoppers, but this more typically refers to members of the related subfamily Catantopinae.

Melanoplus angustipennis, known generally as narrow-winged spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the narrow-winged sand grasshopper and narrow-winged locust. It is found in North America.

Melanoplus aridus, the arid lands spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Melanoplus bispinosus, the two-spined spurthroated grasshopper, is a species of grasshopper belonging to the genus Melanoplus. This grasshopper is native to the United States.

Melanoplus bivittatus, the two-striped grasshopper, is a poikilothermic species of grasshopper belonging to the genus Melanoplus. It is commonly found in North America, with high quantities inhabiting Canadian prairies and farmland.

Melanoplus complanatipes, the western sagebrush grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Central America and North America.

Melanoplus devastator, the devastating grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Melanoplus fasciatus, known generally as huckleberry grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the huckleberry spur-throat grasshopper and huckleberry locust. It is found in North America.

The red-legged grasshopper is a species of grasshopper belonging to the genus Melanoplus. It is one of the most common grasshoppers found in Mexico, the United States, and Canada. This grasshopper is frequently used as a model organism in scientific studies, due to their abundance throughout North America and behavioral response to changes in climate.

Melanoplus flavidus, known generally as yellowish spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the blue-legged locust and blue-legged grasshopper. It is found in North America.

Melanoplus foedus, the striped sand grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Melanoplus frigidus, known generally as the Nordic mountain grasshopper or narrow-winged locust, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia.

Melanoplus infantilis, known generally as the little spur-throat grasshopper or tiny spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus lakinus, the lakin grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Melanoplus packardii, known generally as the "Packard's grasshopper", is a species of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Melanoplus ponderosus, the ponderous spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Melanoplus punctulatus, known generally as the pine tree spur-throat grasshopper or grizzly spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Melanoplus sanguinipes, known generally as migratory grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the lesser migratory grasshopper and red-legged grasshopper. It is found in the Caribbean and North America.

Melanoplus scudderi, or Scudder's short-wing grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Melanoplus yarrowii, known generally as the Yarrow's grasshopper or Yarrow's spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Miramella is a small genus of short-horned grasshoppers in the subfamily Melanoplinae. They are found in Europe and eastern Asia. As of January 2019, Orthoptera Species File lists seven species in three subgenera. The genus was first named in 1932. Miramella is the type genus of the subtribe Miramellina.

Paroxya is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are about eight described species in Paroxya.

Paroxya clavuliger, known generally as the olive-green swamp grasshopper or olive-green swamp locust, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.

Phoetaliotes is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There is at least one described species in Phoetaliotes, P. nebrascensis.
Podisma is a genus of 'short-horned grasshoppers' belonging to the family Acrididae and the subfamily Melanoplinae.

Podismini is a tribe of "spur-throated grasshoppers" in the family Acrididae. This tribe is unlike others in the subfamily Melanoplinae in that a substantial number of genera occur outside the Americas.

Poecilotettix is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are at least two described species in Poecilotettix.

Prumnacris is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There is at least one described species in Prumnacris, P. rainierensis.