WAlfred Marshall Bailey was an American ornithologist who was associated with the Denver Museum of Natural History in Colorado for most of his working life.
WChristian Ludwig Brehm was a German pastor and ornithologist. He was the father of the zoologist Alfred Brehm.
WWilliam John Burchell was an English explorer, naturalist, traveller, artist, and author. His thousands of plant specimens, as well as field journals from his South African expedition, are held by Kew Gardens, and his insect collection by the Oxford University Museum.
WCharles McCauley Hoy (1897–1923) was a field naturalist who obtained series of mammal and bird specimens for United States National Museum, travelling on expeditions to Australia, China and elsewhere. The large collections of specimens and notes he made in Australia from 1919 to 1922 followed a period of dramatic decline in its mammalian fauna, and have been examined by later workers in efforts to determine the causes of the event. Born in China to foreign missionaries, Hoy returned there in 1922 with a commission from W. L. Abbott to continue collecting specimens for the institution. His successful collecting in that region included becoming the first occidental researcher to obtain a species of rare river dolphin, but his works were curtailed by complications arising from childhood illness – while convalescing from a self-inflicted gunshot injury – and he died there in 1923.
WFather Armand David, also known in common names by the French Père David, was a Lazarist missionary Catholic priest as well as a zoologist and a botanist.
WMehmed Emin Pasha was an Ottoman physician of German Jewish origin, naturalist, and governor of the Egyptian province of Equatoria on the upper Nile. The Ottoman Empire conferred the title "Pasha" on him in 1886, and thereafter he was referred to as "Emin Pasha".
WJohn Gould FRS was an English ornithologist and bird artist. He published a number of monographs on birds, illustrated by plates that he produced with the assistance of his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, Henry Constantine Richter, Joseph Wolf and William Matthew Hart. He has been considered the father of bird study in Australia and the Gould League in Australia is named after him. His identification of the birds now nicknamed "Darwin's finches" played a role in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Gould's work is referenced in Charles Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species.
WSir Frederick John Jackson, was an English administrator, explorer and ornithologist.
WThe Reverend Francis Charles Robert Jourdain M.A., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., was a notable British amateur ornithologist and oologist. He was primarily known for his extensive research into the breeding biology of the birds of the Palaearctic region. He also had interests in the food of British birds and their geographical distribution and strongly encouraged detailed and accurate record keeping in local ornithology. Known for his temper, he came be known by the nickname Pastor Pugnax. He was a founder of the British Oological Association, which changed its name after his death to the Jourdain Society in his memory.
WFrançois Levaillant was a French author, explorer, naturalist, zoological collector, and noted ornithologist. He described many new species of birds based on birds he collected in Africa and several birds are named after him. He was among the first to use colour plates for illustrating birds and opposed the use of binomial nomenclature introduced by Carl Linnaeus, preferring instead to use descriptive French names such as the bateleur for the distinctive African eagle.
WAnnie Meinertzhagen was a Scottish ornithologist who contributed to studies on British birds, most significantly the moulting patterns in ducks and waders. She married fellow ornithologist Richard Meinertzhagen in 1921 and died from a gun shot fired under suspicious circumstances.
WColonel Richard Meinertzhagen, CBE, DSO was a British soldier, intelligence officer, and ornithologist. He had a decorated military career spanning Africa and the Middle East. He was credited with creating and executing the Haversack Ruse in October 1917, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War, but his participation in this matter has since been thoroughly refuted.
WSir Edward Newton was a British colonial administrator and ornithologist.
WNikolay Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky was a Russian Imperial geographer and a renowned explorer of Central and East Asia.
WAndreas Reischek was an Austrian taxidermist, naturalist, ornithologist and collector notable for his extensive natural history collecting expeditions throughout New Zealand as well as being notorious for acts of grave robbing there. He added materially to the understanding of the biology and distribution of the New Zealand avifauna.
WJohann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German biologist. From his expedition to Brazil he brought to Germany a large variety of specimens of plants, insects, mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. They constitute an important basis for today's National Zoological Collection in Munich. Numerous examples of his ethnographic collections, such as dance masks and the like, are now part of the collection of the Museum of Ethnography in Munich.
WHenry Baker Tristram FRS was an English clergyman, Bible scholar, traveller and ornithologist. As a parson-naturalist he was an early supporter of Darwinism, attempting to reconcile evolution and creation.
WJohn Thomas Tunney (1870–1929) was a naturalist and collector of animal specimens, active in the West and North of Australia.
WCecil F. Underwood was a British scientific collector of mammal and bird specimens in Central America.
WJohn Whitehead was an English explorer, naturalist and professional collector of natural history specimens in Southeast Asia. He was the first European to reach the highest point on Mount Kinabalu: this was in 1888, after annual attempts from 1885.