WThe Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals. The other is the X chromosome. Y is normally the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that typically determines the male or female sex of offspring produced in sexual reproduction. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the gene SRY, which triggers male development. The DNA in the human Y chromosome is composed of about 59 million base pairs. The Y chromosome is passed only from father to son. With a 30% difference between humans and chimpanzees, the Y chromosome is one of the fastest-evolving parts of the human genome. The human Y chromosome carries an estimated 100-200 genes, with between 45 and 73 of these protein-coding. All single-copy Y-linked genes are hemizygous except in cases of aneuploidy such as XYY syndrome or XXYY syndrome.
W40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS4Y1 gene.
WAdenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), also known as the ADP/ATP translocase (ANT), ADP/ATP carrier protein (AAC) or mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, exchanges free ATP with free ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ANT is the most abundant protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane and belongs to mitochondrial carrier family.
WAmelogenin, Y isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMELY gene. AMELY is located on the Y chromosome and encodes a form of amelogenin. Amelogenin is an extracellular matrix protein involved in biomineralization during tooth enamel development.
WTestis-specific basic protein Y 2 also known as basic charge, Y-linked 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPY2 gene which resides on the Y chromosome.
WDeleted in azoospermia 1, also known as DAZ1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DAZ1 gene.
WDeleted in azoospermia protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAZ2 gene.
WATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3Y is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX3Y gene.
WEukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, Y-chromosomal is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF1AY gene.
WLysine-specific demethylase 5D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KDM5D gene. KDM5D belongs to the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases superfamily.
WPCDH11Y is a gene unique to Homo males that encodes Protocadherin 11Y, a protein that guides the development of nerve cells. PCDH11X, located on the X chromosome, is common, in both sexes, to humans and our nearest relative, the chimpanzee; however, PCDH11Y, located on the Y chromosome, is unique to males.
WRNA-binding motif protein, Y chromosome, family 1 member A1/C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBMY1A1 gene.
WTestis-determining factor (TDF), also known as sex-determining region Y (SRY) protein, is a DNA-binding protein encoded by the SRY gene that is responsible for the initiation of male sex determination in therian mammals. SRY is an intronless sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome. Mutations in this gene lead to a range of disorders of sex development (DSD) with varying effects on an individual's phenotype and genotype.
WThymosin beta-4, Y-chromosomal is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMSB4Y gene.
WTestis-specific Y-encoded protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPY1 gene.
WUbiquitin specific peptidase 9, Y-linked , also known as USP9Y, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the USP9Y gene. It is required for sperm production. This enzyme is a member of the peptidase C19 family and is similar to ubiquitin-specific proteases, which cleave the ubiquitin moiety from ubiquitin-fused precursors and ubiquitinylated proteins.
WHistone demethylase UTY is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UTY gene.
WZinc finger Y-chromosomal protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFY gene of the Y chromosome.