17 People killed by Nazi Germany

The 108 Martyrs of World War II, known also as the 108 Blessed Polish Martyrs, were Roman Catholics from Poland killed during World War II by Nazi Germany.

This is a list of victims of Nazism who were noted for their achievements. Many on the lists below were of Jewish and Polish origin, although Soviet POWs, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Serbs, Catholics, Roma and dissidents were also murdered. This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, lost their lives as victims of the Nazi regime. It includes those whose deaths were part of the Holocaust as well as individuals who died in other ways at the hands of the Nazis during World War II. Those who died in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the Nazi Party or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.

Jiří Baum was a Czech zoologist, museum curator, explorer and writer. He served as the director of the zoological department of the National Museum in Prague and is best known in his field for his 1933 book Through the African Wilderness and his 1935 zoological expedition in the Australian outback. In Australia, Baum teamed with Walter Drowley Filmer due to his local expertise with spiders.

Alexander Romanovich Belyaev was a Soviet Russian writer of science fiction. His works from the 1920s and 1930s made him a highly regarded figure in Russian science fiction, often referred to as "Russia's Jules Verne". Belyaev's best known books include Professor Dowell's Head, Amphibian Man, Ariel, and The Air Seller.

Stefan Fryc was a Polish footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was murdered by the SS during World War II in a mass execution held in the Warsaw Ghetto.

Nikolaus Gross was a German Roman Catholic. Gross first worked in crafts requiring skilled labor before becoming a coal miner like his father while joining a range of trade union and political movements. But he soon settled on becoming a journalist before he got married while World War II prompted him to become a resistance fighter in the time of the Third Reich and for his anti-violent rhetoric and approach to opposing Adolf Hitler. He was also one of those implicated and arrested for the assassination attempt on Hitler despite not being involved himself.

Dr. Wacław Olszak was a Polish physician, activist and politician from the region of Zaolzie, Czechoslovakia. He was a mayor of the town of Karviná for seven years. Ten days after outbreak of World War II he was murdered by Nazis.

First Lieutenant Adolf Opálka was a Czechoslovak soldier, member of the Czech sabotage group Out Distance, a World War II anti-Nazi resistance group, and a participant in Operation Anthropoid, the successful mission to kill Reinhard Heydrich.

Jan Opletal was a student of the Medical Faculty of the Charles University in Prague, who was shot at a Czechoslovak Independence Day rally on 28 October 1939. He was severely injured at this anti-Nazi demonstration against the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and died two weeks later.

Stefan Ossowiecki was a Polish engineer who was, during his lifetime, promoted as one of Europe's best-known psychics. Two notable persons who credited his claims were pioneering French parapsychologist Gustav Geley and Nobel Prize-winning physiologist Charles Richet, who called Ossowiecki "the most positive of psychics."

Out Distance was a Czech resistance group during World War II, operating in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

Michael Piaszczynski was a Polish Catholic priest who was arrested by the Nazis and killed at Sachsenhausen concentration camp. He is considered a martyr, and was beatified by Pope John Paul II on 13 June 1999.

Elena Mihailovna Shirman (1908–1942) was a Russian Jewish poet killed in the Second World War by the Nazis.

Tadeusz Sokołowski was a Polish equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was killed by the Gestapo during World War II.

Wilhelm Stein was a German engineer, a Jewish resistance fighter, and Holocaust victim.

Josef Valčík was a Czechoslovak British-trained soldier and member of the Resistance in German-occupied Czechoslovakia who took part in the firefight during the aftermath of the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich by Jozef Gabčík and Jan Kubiš, code named Operation Anthropoid.

Kazimierz Zakrzewski was a Polish historian and publicist, a professor of the University of Warsaw.