16 Jewish military doctors

Saul Adler FRS was an Israeli expert on parasitology.

Eric Berne was a Canadian-born psychiatrist who created the theory of transactional analysis as a way of explaining human behavior.

Gerald Maurice Edelman was an American biologist who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work with Rodney Robert Porter on the immune system. Edelman's Nobel Prize-winning research concerned discovery of the structure of antibody molecules. In interviews, he has said that the way the components of the immune system evolve over the life of the individual is analogous to the way the components of the brain evolve in a lifetime. There is a continuity in this way between his work on the immune system, for which he won the Nobel Prize, and his later work in neuroscience and in philosophy of mind.

(Montague) David Eder (1865–1936) was a British psychoanalyst, physician, Zionist and writer of Lithuanian Jewish descent. He was best known for advancing psychoanalytic studies in Great Britain.

James Adolf Israel was a Jewish-German surgeon who was a native of Berlin.

Yehuda Leib Katsnelson,, also known by his pen name 'Buki Ben Yogli', was a military doctor, writer and publicist of Hebrew Literature.

Dr Avraham Katznelson was a Zionist political figure in Mandate Palestine and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence.

Janusz Korczak, the pen name of Henryk Goldszmit, was a Polish Jewish educator, children's author, and pedagogue known as Pan Doktor or Stary Doktor. After spending many years working as director of an orphanage in Warsaw, he refused sanctuary repeatedly and stayed with his orphans when the entire population of the institution was sent from the Ghetto to the Treblinka extermination camp by the Nazis, during the Grossaktion Warschau of 1942.

Izidor Papo was a surgeon, general, military medical chief and academician.

Roza Papo (1914–1984) was a Yugoslav physician and general of the Yugoslav People's Army. She was the first woman to rise to the rank of general on the Balkan Peninsula.

Mavro Sachs was Croatian physician, the first lecturer of the University of Zagreb, founder of the forensic medicine in Croatia and the first Jew who officially became citizen of Zagreb.

Professor Nathan J. Saltz was an American-born Israeli doctor who is considered the father and founder of modern surgical medicine in Israel.

Boris Abramovich Shimeliovich was the medical director of Moscow's Botkin Hospital, a well known and widely respected institution.

Stjepan Steiner was Croatian physician, cardiologist, Major general in the Yugoslav People's Army and personal physician of Josip Broz Tito.

Aaron Valero (1913–2000) was an Israeli physician and educator who helped establish hospitals and medical schools, authored medical publications and contributed greatly to the advancement of medical education in Israel in the latter half of the 20th century.

Dr Ernst Weiss was a German-speaking Austrian author of Jewish descent. He is the author of Ich, der Augenzeuge, a novel dealing with the Hitler period.