
The Hokkaido Railway Company is one of the constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group, and is often referred to using its official abbreviation of JR Hokkaido . It operates intercity and local rail services in Hokkaido, Japan. The company introduced Kitaca, a smart card ticketing system, in autumn 2008.

The 581 / 583 series (581/583系) were limited express electric multiple unit (EMU) train types introduced in 1967 by Japanese National Railways and later operated by East Japan Railway Company and West Japan Railway Company on the through services express Kitaguni and other special trains until 2017.
The 711 series was an AC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on Sapporo area suburban services in Hokkaido, Japan, from 1968 until March 2015. It was the first AC EMU train to be operated in Japan by the former Japanese National Railways (JNR). The last remaining trains in service were withdrawn on 13 March 2015.
The 721 series (721系) is an AC electric multiple unit (EMU) operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on Sapporo area suburban services in Hokkaido, Japan since 1988.

The 731 series (731系) is an AC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on Sapporo area suburban services in Hokkaido, Japan since 1996.

The 733 series (733系) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on suburban services in the Sapporo area of Hokkaido, Japan, since 1 June 2012.

The 735 series (735系) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type built in 2010 and operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on suburban services in the Sapporo area in Hokkaido, Japan, since May 2012.

The 781 series (781系) was an AC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type formerly operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) and later Hokkaido Railway Company on limited express services in Hokkaido, Japan, between 1980 and 2007.
The 785 series (785系) is an AC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on Super Kamui and Suzuran limited express services in Hokkaido, Japan, since 1990.

The 789 series (789系) is an AC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on limited express services in Hokkaido, Japan, since 2002. Two variants exist: the original 789 series for use on Lilac services, and the 789–1000 series for use on Kamui and Suzuran services. Also, it has three related train types, the KiHa 261 series, KiHa 281 series and KiHa 283 series, all of which run on diesel.
The Cassiopeia is a luxury charter train service in Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company. It used to operate as a Limited express from July 1999 until March 2016. It ran between Ueno Station in Tokyo and the city of Sapporo in the northern island of Hokkaido. The one-way journey took approximately 16½ hours.
The Class DD14 (DD14形) was a B'B' wheel arrangement diesel-hydraulic locomotive type operated in Japan as a self-propelled rotary snowplough unit from 1961 to 2015 by the national railway company Japanese National Railways (JNR), and later by East Japan Railway Company. West Japan Railway Company, and Hokkaido Railway Company.

The Class DD51 (DD51形) is a B-2-B wheel arrangement diesel-hydraulic locomotive type operated in Japan since 1962. 649 locomotives were built between 1962 and 1978 by Kawasaki Sharyo, Hitachi, and Mitsubishi. The class was designed for mainline passenger and freight use with more power than the D51 and a higher maximum speed than the C62 steam locomotive classes. This was achieved by installing two 1,100 hp engines in an 18 metre long centre-cab design, unusual for mainline operation. The V12 DML61 engines were developed from the 6-cylinder inline DMF31 engines used in the Class DD13 locomotives. As of 1 April 2016, 29 locomotives remained in operation.

The Class DE10 (DE10形) is a class of Japanese C-B wheel arrangement diesel-hydraulic locomotives. 708 locomotives were built between 1966 and 1978. As of 1 April 2016, 138 locomotives remained in operation.

The Class DE15 (DE15形) is a five-axle C-B wheel arrangement diesel-hydraulic locomotive type operated in Japan as a self-propelled snowplough unit since 1967 by the national railway company Japanese National Railways (JNR), and later by Hokkaido Railway Company, East Japan Railway Company, and West Japan Railway Company. A total of 85 locomotives were built between 1967 and 1981, and as of 1 April 2016, 25 locomotives remain in service.
The E5 series (E5系) is a Japanese Shinkansen high-speed train type operated by East Japan Railway Company on Tōhoku Shinkansen services since 5 March 2011 and on Hokkaido Shinkansen services since 26 March 2016. A total of 59 10-car sets are on order, with three sets in service in time for the start of new Hayabusa services to Shin-Aomori in March 2011.

The H100 series (H100形) is a Japanese diesel-electric multiple unit (DEMU) train type introduced by Hokkaido Railway Company to replace the ageing KiHa 40 series DMU cars. The trains are nicknamed "DECMO", standing for "Diesel Electric Car with MOtors". They commenced passenger operations in March 2020 on the Hakodate Main Line.

The 733 series (733系) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on suburban services in the Sapporo area of Hokkaido, Japan, since 1 June 2012.
The Hakuchō and Super Hakuchō (スーパー白鳥) were Japanese limited express train services which operated between Shin-Aomori and Hakodate via the undersea Seikan Tunnel from December 2002 until March 2016. The services were operated by East Japan Railway Company and Hokkaido Railway Company respectively.

The Hamanasu (はまなす) was an overnight express train service in Japan operated by Hokkaido Railway Company, which ran from Aomori to Sapporo via the Tsugaru Line, Kaikyō Line, Esashi Line, Hakodate Main Line, Muroran Main Line, and Chitose Line. The journey took approximately seven and a half hours. Following the withdrawal of the Ginga overnight express service between Tokyo and Osaka in 2008, the Hamanasu became the only locomotive-hauled express service in Japan. The service was discontinued in March 2016.

The Hokuto (北斗) is a limited express train services between Sapporo and Hakodate in Hokkaido operated by Hokkaido Railway Company. The journey time of the Hokuto is approximately 3 hours 40 minutes.
The Hokutosei (北斗星) was a limited express sleeping car train service in Japan which operated between Ueno Station in Tokyo and Sapporo Station in the northern island of Hokkaido, taking approximately 16½ hours. It was operated jointly by East Japan Railway Company and Hokkaido Railway Company from March 1988. The service became a seasonal service from the 14 March 2015 timetable revision, and was completely discontinued in August 2015, in preparation for the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen.

The Class ED79 (ED79形) was a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement AC electric locomotive type operated on passenger and freight services in the north of Japan from 1986, originally by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and later by Hokkaido Railway Company and Japan Freight Railway Company until 2016.
The Kamui (カムイ) is a limited express train service operated by Hokkaido Railway Company since 2007 on the Hakodate Main Line, connecting Sapporo and Asahikawa in Hokkaido, Japan.

The KiHa 40 series is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type introduced by Japanese National Railways (JNR) in 1977 and operated by all of the Japan Railways Group companies on suburban and rural services in Japan. It also served in other private railway companies in Japan since 2017 following the removal of service which have been pulled out by Japan Railways group and also served in overseas operations in Myanmar since 2011.

The KiHa 130 series (キハ130系) was a class of diesel multiple unit (DMU) trains operated from November 1988 to June 2001 by the Hokkaido Railway Company on the Hidaka Main Line in Japan.

The KiHa 141 (キハ141系) is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on the Sassho Line in Japan since 1990. The cars were rebuilt from former 50 series locomotive-hauled coaches.

The KiHa 150 (キハ150形) is a single-car diesel multiple unit operated by Hokkaido Railway Company in Japan.
The KiHa 160 (キハ160形) was a single-car diesel multiple unit (DMU) train operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on the Hidaka Main Line in Japan. A single car was built in 1997 by Niigata Tekko to replace the KiHa 130 DMU car withdrawn due to collision damage sustained in a level crossing accident in January 1996. From 2007, the unit was rebuilt as an experimental hybrid car, branded "Inno Tech Train", before being finally withdrawn in fiscal 2013.
The KiHa 201 series (キハ201系) is a tilting diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on Sapporo area suburban services in Hokkaido, Japan since 1997. The KiHa 201 trains are designed to work in multiple with 731 series electric multiple unit (EMU) sets with which it shares numerous features, including appearance, interior layout, bodyshell and control systems. These daily interworkings are the only diesel-electric multiple working in Japan. To allow them to work alongside faster and more powerful EMUs, KiHa 201 units are uniquely fitted with pneumatic tilting bogies designed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and used on KiHa 261 series express trains.
The KiHa 261 series (キハ261系) is a tilting diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on limited express services in Hokkaido, Japan, since 2000.

The KiHa 281 series (キハ281系) is a tilting diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on Super Hokuto limited express services in Hokkaido, Japan since 1994. They were the first tilting trains to be operated by JR Hokkaido.

The KiHa 283 series (キハ283系) is a tilting diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on limited express services in Hokkaido, Japan, since 1997. They were based on the KiHa 281 series trains introduced in 1994.

The KiHa 285 series (キハ285系) was a tilting diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type developed by Hokkaido Railway Company, originally intended for use on limited express services in Hokkaido, Japan. One three-car trainset was completed in September 2014 by Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Kobe, but plans to construct any further KiHa 285 series trains were cancelled the same month, and the trainset built was scrapped without entering revenue service.

The Lilac is a limited express train service operated by Hokkaido Railway Company between Sapporo and Asahikawa in Hokkaido via the Hakodate Main Line since 4 March 2017. The Lilac train service name was also formerly used for express and limited express services operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) and later by JR Hokkaido between 1963 and 2007.

The Okhotsk is a limited express train service in Japan operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company, which runs between Sapporo and Abashiri. There are four services per day running in both directions, with the journey time taking approximately 5 hours 30 minutes. Trains operate at a maximum speed of 110 km/h. It is named after the Sea of Okhotsk.

The Sarobetsu (サロベツ) is a limited express train service between Asahikawa and Wakkanai in Hokkaido, Japan, which is operated by Hokkaido Railway Company. Two trains per day operate in each direction, with the journey taking approximately 3 hours 45 minutes.

The Sōya (宗谷) is a limited express train service between Sapporo and Wakkanai in Hokkaido, which is operated by Hokkaido Railway Company. It was named Super Sōya (スーパー宗谷) between 2000 and 2017.

The Suzuran (すずらん) is a limited express train service operated by Hokkaido Railway Company between Muroran and Sapporo in Hokkaido, Japan. The current limited express service was introduced in July 1992, but the name was first used from 1956 for an express service operated by JNR between Hakodate and Sapporo. Suzuran is Japanese for Lily of the valley.

The Taisetsu (大雪) is a limited express service operated by Hokkaido Railway Company between Asahikawa and Abashiri in Hokkaido via the Sekihoku Main Line since 4 March 2017. The Taisetsu train service name was also formerly used for express services operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) and later by JR Hokkaido from June 1947 until March 1992.
"Train on Train" is a concept for piggybacking by the trainload rather than one wagon at a time.

The White Arrow , and later Super White Arrow were limited express train services operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on the Hakodate Main Line between the cities of Sapporo and Asahikawa in Hokkaido, Japan, between 1986 and 2007.