9 Judges

A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and, typically, in an open court. The judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case, assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties, and then issues a ruling on the matter at hand based on their interpretation of the law and their own personal judgment. In some jurisdictions, the judge's powers may be shared with a jury. In inquisitorial systems of criminal investigation, a judge might also be an examining magistrate. The presiding judge ensures that all court proceedings are lawful and orderly.

During the Middle Ages, an advocatus was an office-holder who was legally delegated to perform some of the secular responsibilities of a major feudal lord, or for an institution such as an abbey. Many such positions developed, especially in the Holy Roman Empire. Typically, these evolved to include responsibility for aspects of the daily management of agricultural lands, villages and cities. In some regions, advocates were governors of large provinces, sometimes distinguished by terms such as Landvogt.

Samuel Fowler Bigelow (1837–1915)was an American judge, attorney and author in New Jersey.

Biy were elected judges and administrators in Kazakhstan. Biys are below Sultans in rank.

Justice D. Murugesan is a former Chief Justice of Delhi High Court, hailed from Tamil Nadu. He occupied many key posts in Indian Judiciary. He was elevated as a Judge of the Madras High Court from the Bar. He had occupied the post of Member National Human Rights Commission of India.

Prof. Dr. Juliana Latifi is an Albanian professor, judge and chair of Albania's Competition Authority.

Alexander MacFarlane was a mathematician, astronomer, merchant and slave-owner in Kingston, Jamaica. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1747, considered to be an "ingenious and learned mathematician" and "one of the best mathematicians of the age".

Stipendiary magistrates, magistrates in receipt of a stipend, were the most junior judges in the Scottish judiciary. As of 2014 there were only 4.9 full-time equivalent posts and the only court they sit in was the Justice of the Peace Court in Glasgow. The Courts Reform (Scotland) Act 2014, passed by the Scottish Parliament, abolished the post with the creation of the new post of summary sheriff.

Esmeralda Arosemena de Troitiño is a lawyer and Supreme Count judge. She is a Panamanian Commissioner of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (OAS). In 2019 she became President of that body.